|
|status = Study 1966 |sites = Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, |launches = 0 |family = Saturn |derivatives = |comparable = |stagedata= |fuel = LH2/LOX }} |burntime = 390 seconds |SI = |fuel = LH2/LOX }} }} The Saturn II was a series of American expendable launch vehicles, studied under NASA contract by North American Aviation in 1966, derived from the Saturn V rocket used for the Apollo lunar program.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Studies of Improved Saturn V Vehicles and Intermediate payload Saturn Vehicles )〕 The intent of the study was to eliminate production of the Saturn IB, and create a lower-cost heavy launch vehicle based on Saturn V hardware. North American studied three versions with the S-IC first stage removed: the INT-17, a two-stage vehicle with a low Earth orbit payload capability of ; the INT-18, which added Titan UA1204 or UA1207 strap-on solid rocket boosters, with payloads ranging from to ; and the INT-19, using solid boosters derived from the Minuteman missile first stage. For this study, the Boeing company also investigated configurations designated INT-20 and INT-21 which employed its S-IC first stage, and eliminated either North American's S-II second stage, or the Douglas S-IVB third stage. Budget constraints led to cancellation of the study and exclusive use of the Space Shuttle for orbital payloads. ==Concept== There was a large payload gap between the Saturn IB's low Earth orbit capacity and the Saturn V's capability. In the mid-1960s NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) initiated several studies to extend the capabilities of the Saturn family. NASA specified a LEO of , 28° inclination for payload calculations, and the studies examined a number of Modified Launch Vehicle (MLV) configurations based on the Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles as well as Intermediate Payload (INT) launch vehicles based on modified Saturn stages (MS-IB, MS-IC, MS-II, and MS-IVB). Martin Marietta (builder of Atlas and Titan rockets), Boeing (builder of S-IC first stages), and North American Aviation (builder of the S-II second stage) were three of the companies that provided responses. North American considered the best way to fill the gap was to use the Saturn V's second stage, the S-II, as the first stage of an intermediate launch vehicle. The basic concept of the Saturn II was to save money by ceasing production of the Saturn IB rocket, and replacing it with launch vehicles built entirely with current Saturn V components. This would allow closing down Chrysler Space Division production lines for the S-IB first stage, and would allow for more efficient integration of rocket systems. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saturn II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|